residual effect of thiobencarb and oxadiargyl on spinach and lettuce in rotation with rice

field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of thiobencarb and oxadiargyl herbicides on rice (oryza sativa l.) and their possible residual effects on spinach (spinacea oleracea l.) and lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) at dashtnaz and gharakhil agricultural research stations, iran. treatments included thiobencarb at 3.16 and 6.33 kg a.i. ha-1, oxadiargyl at 0.15 and 0.30 kg a.i. ha-1 and a non-treated control. after harvesting rice, trial plots were kept undisturbed until late september when spinach was seeded in half of each plot. in november lettuce was transplanted in another half of the plots. soil residual oxadiargyl at 0.30 kg a.i. ha-1 stunted rice up to 31%, but this injury was transient and did not reduce yield. the adverse effect of oxadiargyl on rice was lower at gharakhil possibly due to the greater binding by soil organic matter (om). at dashtnaz, spinach fresh yield was significantly affected by soil residues of oxadiargyl. whereas lettuce fresh yield was significantly reduced in both thiobencarb and oxadiargyl treated plots. at gharakhil, fresh yield of lettuce was not affected significantly. the experimental results revealed that soil characteristics, in particular om content, are the main factors controlling the effect of thiobencarb and oxadiargyl residues. furthermore, it could be concluded that oxadiargyl affected rice and spinach fresh yield greater than thiobencarb. since no statistically significant differences were found in rice, spinach, and lettuce yield between the two applied doses of thiobencarb, from economical and environmental point of view, the lower thiobencarb dose is recommended to be used in paddy fields of northern iran.